甲病毒载体的研究进展

甲病毒属于披膜病毒科,是一类有包膜的单股正链RNA病毒。近些年来,国内外有关甲病毒载体的研究非常活跃,其已被用于疫苗研究、基因治疗以及分子生物学等研究领域。基于甲病毒载体的构造原理,将其分为三类,分别为复制完全型载体、复制缺陷型载体和DNA/RNA载体。就这三类载体的改造过程进行了探讨,并对这三类载体的特点及其应用研究进展等方面进行了阐述,以期为开发出更安全、更有效的甲病毒载体提供参考。     

紫花苜蓿根腐病原菌--拟枝孢镰刀菌的鉴定及其生物学特性研究

本文对从内蒙古赤峰巴雅尔草业基地紫花苜蓿根部分离到的菌株 BYE27-2-5进行了致病性测定、形态学和rDNA-ITS 序列分析鉴定及生物学特性测定。结果表明,该菌菌丝生长、产孢和孢子萌发的最适温度分别为25,30和28℃;pH 值5．0～11．0均宜于菌丝生长,产孢最适 pH 8．0,孢子萌发最适 pH 7．0;光暗交替利于菌丝生长,光照利于产孢和孢子的萌发;孢子在相对湿度低于75％不萌发,高于95％萌发较快;葡萄糖蛋白胨培养基利于菌丝生长和孢子萌发,马铃薯蔗糖琼脂培养基利于产孢;碳源中葡萄糖利于菌丝生长和孢子萌发,蔗糖利于产孢;氮源中蛋白胨利于菌丝生长,酵母膏利于产孢和孢子萌发;菌丝致死温度为54℃（10 min）,分生孢子的致死温度为48℃（10 min）;根据其形态特征和 rDNA-ITS 序列分析结果,鉴定其为拟枝孢镰刀菌（Fusarium sporotrichioide ）。     

Study on Biological Characteristics and Drug Sensitivity of Haemophilus parasuis Isolated in Sichuan Province

The study was aimed to investigate the biological characsteristics and drug sensitive tests of Haemophilus parasuis isolated in Sichuan province.This paper reported the biological characteristics,16S rRNA gene PCR and drug sensitive test of the isolates by technique of microbiological and molecular biology.The results showed that the isolates had micro anaerobic and could produce satellite phenomenon,the isolates were just same in biochemical characteristics with field isolates in other area.All the isolates amplified 821 bp 16S rRNA gene.And drug sensitive tests showed that the isolates were highly sensitive to cefradine,ampicillin,cefradine,amoxicillin,cefaclor,ofloxacin,cefotaxime and furadantin,the sensitive rate was 75.61% to 87.80%,but the isolates were high resistance to lincomycin,carbenicillin,enrofloxacin,amikacin and sulfamethoxazole,and multiple-drug resistance was found among the isolates,the number of bacterial strains resistant to antibiotics were more between five and eight,the resisitance strains were 21.95% to 30.49%,7 isolates were even resistant to 13 antibiotics.The results showed the phenomenon of drug resistance of the isolates was very serious.     

Global parasite and Rattus rodent invasions: The consequences for rodent‐borne diseases

We summarize the current knowledge on parasitism‐related invasion processes of the globally invasive Rattus lineages, originating from Asia, and how these invasions have impacted the local epidemiology of rodent‐borne diseases. Parasites play an important role in the invasion processes and successes of their hosts through multiple biological mechanisms such as “parasite release,” “immunocompetence advantage,” “biotic resistance” and “novel weapon.” Parasites may also greatly increase the impact of invasions by spillover of parasites and other pathogens, introduced with invasive hosts, into new hosts, potentially leading to novel emerging diseases. Another potential impact is the ability of the invader to amplify local parasites by spillback. In both cases, local fauna and humans may be exposed to new health risks, which may decrease biodiversity and potentially cause increases in human morbidity and mortality. Here we review the current knowledge on these processes and propose some research priorities.     

森林火灾生物防治综述

通过减少林中空地，选育优良品种选林，营造混交林，营造防火林带等。可达到森林生物防火的目的。生物防火是保护森林资源，保护森林环境，提高森林质量的重要措施。     

山地植物群落生物多样性与生物生产力海拔梯度变化研究进展

文中从生物学谱中群落和生态系统尺度，根据国内外的野外观测文献，总结了山地植被在群落生物多样性和生物生产力2方面的海拔梯度变化特征，以及群落生物生产力与生物多样性的关系，并提出目前该领域研究的几个热点问题。     

紫竹生物学特性的研究

论述紫竹出笋规律，高生长规律，枝条生长规律及退笋率的变化规律等，并根据紫竹各生长阶段的生长规律，相应提出紫经营管理措施。     

濒危植物穗花杉生物学、生物普特性研究

穗花杉是第三纪残遗、濒危物种,曾广布于欧亚大陆,现仅间断分布于我国南方中山地带,地跨北热带、亚热带和温带.以湖南绥宁县神坡山和江华县大锡乡穗花杉林为重点,对国内主要分布区进行了调查,对穗花杉的分类,生物学与生态学特性,地理分布,群落特征与演替规律,繁殖与保护利用等进行了深入的研究,认为将其置于红豆杉科,并单独将穗花杉属成立一个族较为恰当.该树生长缓慢,结种量少,雌树少、雄树多,对生境要求严格,所以种群数量少,一般呈零星分布状态.采用在半自然生境育苗和种植的方式进行适地保护,简单、经济、效果好.     

松材线虫病生物防治研究进展

松材线虫Bursaphelenchus xylophilus是外来入侵生物,主要依靠媒介昆虫的携带在自然界中扩散传播。目前松材线虫病的生物防治研究主要集中在对松材线虫本身及其传播媒介——松墨天牛的控制两方面。本文对国内外松材线虫病的生物防治方法研究做了总结。